Submissions

Author Guidelines

Editorial Policy

CT&F- Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro (ISSN 0122-5383; e-ISSN 2382-4581) is an Open Access (under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License) peer-reviewed and referred international journal, published biannually by Ecopetrol S.A - Centro de Innovación y Tecnología (ICP). The objective of CT&F is to publish the achievements of scientific research and technological developments of Ecopetrol S.A. and the research of other institutions in the field of oil, gas, and alternative energy sources. The manuscripts submitted must be original and innovative, in English; and neither previously published nor simultaneously published in other journals.

CT&F Content Includes:

SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH ARTICLES: documents that present in detail the original results of research projects. Document structure generally includes four important parts: Introduction, methodology, results, and conclusions.

REVIEW ARTICLES: documents that are the result of research that integrates, systemizes, analyzes, and express a review on the results of published or unpublished scientific and technological research, by giving an account of the advances and development trends. These are characterized by presenting a careful bibliographical revision of at least 50 references.

Note: Submission of a manuscript implies that the work described has not been unpublished works, that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. The opinion expressed in them is the sole responsibility of the authors. The reception of a manuscript does not imply its publication; it shall be subject to various revisions and evaluations prior to publication.

Focus and Scope:

CT&F welcomes original, novel, and high-impact contributions from all the fields in the oil and gas industry like Acquisition and Exploration technologies, Basins characterization and modeling, Petroleum geology, Reservoir modeling, Enhanced Oil Recovery Technologies, Unconventional resources, Petroleum refining, Petrochemistry, Upgrading technologies, Technologies for fuels quality, Process modeling, and optimization, Supply chain optimization, Biofuels, Renewable energies.

Copyright

CT&F is a publication edited by ECOPETROL S.A - ICP – Colombia. CT&F allows the partial and total reproduction of its content for educational or research purposes by referencing the source. Copyrights of the publication are protected as per regulations in effect in Creative Commons Protocols - The authors of the articles assign the author's patrimonial rights to CT&F Magazine and authorize the edition or any form of reproduction, adaptation, translation, distribution, publication and commercialization of the same either in print, electronic media, on the Internet or other forms and media known or to be known.

Creative Commons License, Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (CC BY-NC-SA)

This license lets others remix, adapt, and build upon your work non-commercially, as long as they credit you and license their new creations under the identical terms.

Plagiarism

The submissions to be revised by commercial iThenticate anti-plagiarism tool.

Publication Fees and APC

The Ecopetrol S.A covers all the expenses associated with the editorial process of the CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología & Futuro Journal. Therefore, authors are not charged any fees for submission and/or publication of the proposed articles, also and all articles published in our journals are open access and freely available online immediately upon publication.

Editorial Process Description:

Submission to this journal proceeds totally online, manuscripts in technical English must be submitted through 'Make a Submission' to the Editorial Board coupled with the filled form CTI-F-092 Editorial Board Letter) for each manuscript, at least six months in advance of the following date of publication of the journal, however, CT&F receives manuscripts for its both annually editions throughout the year.

Once a manuscript is received, it is assigned a “reviser- advisor” who is a member of the Editorial Board and will follow the entire editorial process of the manuscript. Initially, the “reviser- advisor” evaluates the whole manuscript on the basis of the quality of grammar or English language, originality, scientific rigor, and concordance with the aims and scope of the journal.

Manuscripts that overcome this stage, then are sent to the external peer reviewers, CT&F has adopted the use of "double-blind” review, according to this, the author must submit (name, affiliation, and contact address) of at least 4 potential reviewers that meet with Publindex’s requirements (National  Indexation Process), which demands that the reviewers must have MSc or Ph.D. degree, without any link or relationship to the institute to which you are affiliated, and at least have published one article in the last two years about the topic in an indexed journal. The editor retains the sole right to decide whether or not the suggested reviewers are used.

Referees advise the editor, who is responsible for the final decision to accept or reject the article. Manuscripts passing to publication are checked on technical aspects such as compliance with the author's information guide before be published. Below you will find a simplified diagram flow of our editorial process:

Manuscript Style Guide:

Use the following guidelines to prepare your article:

The original submission must be an editable file format, preferred word processor, as a guide you can use the template entitled ‘CTF_manuscript_Template’ Please do not alter the formatting and style layouts which have been set up in this document, the paragraphs continue from here and are only separated by headings, subheadings, images, and formulae. The section headings are arranged by numbers, bold and 14 pt. following the article structure depending on your paper type (Research, Special consideration, or Review) you can choose the appropriated. The subheadings won't be numerate and must be in italic, bold, and 12 pt.

As indicated in the template, the paper should be prepared in a single-column format on A4 paper size (192mm x 262 mm). The full text must be 12 pt, on a single-spaced. Do not number pages on the front, as page numbers will be added automatically. Leave a line clear between paragraphs. All the required style templates are provided in this document with the appropriate name supplied, e.g. ‘Manuscript title’.

 On average, the manuscripts must contain 20 pages and a maximum of 10 Figures or Tables. Footnotes are not accepted.

The author must provide landline and mobile telephone numbers, and a personal email address in order to facilitate contact and process follow up.

Manuscript Structure:

• TITLE: The manuscript´s title must concise and informative, contain the words necessary to precisely describe the main topic treated without being excessively long (14 Maximum words, 16 pt).
• AUTHORS: Full name of all the authors. As well as the institutional affiliation, city, country, and email contact address of each. The authorship order will be given by the intellectual contributions to the development of writing. The corresponding author must be highlighted with an asterisk (*). Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of review and publication, also post-publication.
• ABSTRACT: A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results, and major conclusions. The abstract should contain a maximum of 200 words.
• KEYWORDS: Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Use only abbreviations firmly established in the field of research and technology.

           The authors must submit the manuscript´s Title, Abstract, and Keywords in English and Spanish

• HOW TO CITE: Refers to the way this manuscript should be referenced in other journals or publications.
• INTRODUCTION: It formulates the objective, scope, and impact (proposal of the hypothesis) of the work and providing an adequate background.
• THEORETICAL FRAME OR STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE: A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction, and lay the foundation for further work.
• EXPERIMENTAL DEVELOPMENT: It is where the authors describe the applied experimental design, and the more relevant experimental procedures or techniques necessary to obtain the results (detailed description of standard techniques must be avoided).
• RESULTS: It presents the results that support the conclusions and scope of the manuscript. The results must be supported with statistical information if applicable (number of standard observations and deviations, amongst others), the results should be clear and concise,
• RESULTS ANALYSIS: They must be focused on the verification of the hypothesis and its confrontation with the state of the techniques. This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.
• CONCLUSIONS: The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.
• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: It should include the institutions or persons who provided help during the research, the work, or the object of the analysis within the manuscript.
• REFERENCES: Each of the bibliographical references (articles, books, standards, patents, etc.) that are specified in the document, results must not be referenced. The manuscript must contain at least 10 bibliographical references.
• NOMENCLATURE: (if applicable). Supply in a separate list, the definitions of field-specific terms used in your article.
• APPENDIXES AND ANNEX: (if applicable). The appendix presents external information that supports and is not placed in the main document but it has references, for example, theories or lays that support or explain the text of the manuscript. The appendixes must be identified with letter B.

           On the other hand, an annex is usually a standalone document that offers additional information than contained in the main document, for example, detailed calculations; tables, or computer numeric data. The annexes must be identified with letter A.

            If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as B1, B2, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (B.1), Eq. (B.2), etc.

           in a subsequent annex, Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A2), and so on. Similarly, for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

• ABBREVIATIONS: The first time that abbreviations appear within the text, they must be placed between parentheses after the full expression. The abbreviations and symbols used must also be explained under the corresponding tables or figures.

ESSENTIAL INFORMATION:

NOMENCLATURE AND UNITS: Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other quantities are mentioned, give their equivalent in SI. You are urged to consult IUPAC: Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry for further information. Decimals must be separated by a period. To indicate thousands, half a space is included between the digits

MATH EXPRESSION AND CHEMICAL FORMULAE: Please submit math equations and chemical formulae as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text, the equations must be identified within parentheses and in italic on the right side of the equation.

TABLES: All tables should be numbered consecutively with Arabic numerals in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Headings should be placed above tables, left-justified. Leave one-line space between the heading and the table. Tables must be embedded into the text as editable text and not as images. Below there is an example that authors may find useful.

• Units are specified in column headings wherever appropriate;
• Lines of demarcation are used to set legend, headers, data, and footnotes apart from one another.
• Footnotes are used to clarify points in the table, or to convey repetitive information about entries;
• Footnotes may also be used to denote statistical differences among groups.

Table 1. An example of a table

FIGURES: In the same way that tables the figures must be consecutively numbered into the text, the term "Figure" is used for diagrams, photographs, and graphs. The figures do not require frames. The figures must be in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), with a minimum resolution of 300 dpi (dots per inch) for an acceptable print.

If a Figure or Table is based on information coming from an external source, the text must contain the whole bibliographic reference, just on the bottom side of the Figure or Table or inside the normal paper text.

REFERENCES:

Referencing is an academic convention designed to illustrate that you can collate information from various sources. Sources can be books, journal articles, newspaper reports, standards, patents, conference proceedings, web pages, etc.  

Reference style

  - Text: Citations in the text should follow the referencing style used by the American Psychological Association 7th edition.

  - List: References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary, in accordance with APA 7th edition

Example:

• Your in-text citation may look like this: (Bailey, 2012)
• your Reference List entry should correspond to the citation, for example:

Bailey, N. W. (2012). Evolutionary models of extended phenotypes. Trends in Ecology & Evolution, 27(3), 561-569. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000126

We recommend reviewing the references on this site:  https://apps.crossref.org/SimpleTextQuery, in order to confirm the DOI.

REFERENCE LIST EXAMPLES

- BOOKS Elements to cite:

• Author(s) of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Title of the book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Edition number: Include information about the edition if it is not the first.
• Publisher: Give the name of the publisher but omit terms, such as Publishers, Co., and Inc. Retain the words Books and Press.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a book in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the book. (Year of publication). Title of the book. (Edition number ed.). Publisher.

- CHAPTER IN A BOOK Elements to cite:

• Author(s) of the chapter: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Chapter title: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Editor(s) of the book: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 editors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more editors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and the last editor’s name. End with Ed. or Eds., respectively, in round brackets.
• Title of book: Book titles are italicized. Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Edition number: Include information about the edition if it is not the first.
• Page numbers: Give the full page range.
• Publisher: Give the name of the publisher but omit terms, such as Publishers, Co., and Inc. Retain the words Books and Press.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a chapter in a book in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the chapter. (Year of publication). Chapter title. In Editor(s) of the book (Eds.), Title of book (Edition number ed.,pp. Page numbers). Publisher.

- JOURNAL ARTICLE  Elements to cite:

• Author(s) of the article: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Title of the research article: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Title of journal: Give the full, non-abbreviated title of the periodical in the title case. It should also be italicized.
• Volume number: The volume number is also italicized.
• Issue number: For journals that are paginated by issue give the issue number in brackets.
• Page numbers: Give the full page range.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a journal article in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the article. (Year of publication). Title of the research article. Title of journal, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers.

- ONLINE JOURNAL ARTICLE Elements to cite:

• Author(s) of the article: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Title of the research article: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Title of periodical: Give the full, non-abbreviated title of the periodical in the title case. It should also be italicized.
• Volume number: The volume number is also italicized.
• Issue number: For journals that are paginated by issue give the issue number in brackets.
• Page numbers: Give the full page range.
• DOI or URL: Include the digital object identifier (DOI) as a hyperlink starting with 'https://doi.org/'. If no DOI can be found, include the URL that directly links to the cited work.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of an online journal article in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the article. (Year of publication). Title of the research article. Title of Journal, Volume number(Issue number), Page numbers. DOI or URL

- PhD THESIS  Elements to cite:

• Author(s) of the thesis: Give the last name and initials (e. g. Watson, J. D.) of up to 20 authors with the last name preceded by an ampersand (&). For 21 or more authors include the first 19 names followed by an ellipsis (…) and add the last author's name.
• Year of publication: Give the year in brackets followed by a full stop.
• Title of the Ph.D. thesis: Only the first letter of the first word and proper nouns are capitalized.
• Publication number: Give the identification number of the thesis, if available.
• Name of the degree awarding institution: Give the name of the institution.
• Name of Platform: Give the name of the database, archive, or any platform that holds the thesis.
• URL: If the thesis was found on a database, omit this element.

 Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a Ph.D. thesis in APA style 7th edition:

Author(s) of the thesis. (Year of publication). Title of the Ph.D. thesis (Publication number) [Ph.D. thesis, Name of the degree awarding institution]. Name of Platform. URL

- CONFERENCE PAPER Elements to cite:

• Author: List the last name, followed by the first initial (and second initial). See the Authors for more information.
• Date: List the date between parentheses, followed by a period. Provide the complete date(s) of the conference rather than just the date on which the presentation was given.
• Title of contribution: In italics. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and proper nouns, followed by a period.
• Conference Name: List the name of the conference
• Location: List the location of the conference
• DOI or URL: Use DOI or URL if available

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a conference paper in APA style 7th edition:

Author last name, first initial. (Date). Title of contribution [Paper presentation]. Conference Name, Location. DOI or URL

- PATENTS Elements to cite:

• Author or authors. The surname is followed by the first initials.
• Year (in round brackets).
• Title of the patent (in italics).
• Patent number (In round brackets) e.g. (Australian Patent No. AU xxxxxxxxxx).
• Name of Patent e.g. IP Australia for Australian patents, European Patent Office for European patents.
• The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every subsequent line is indented 5-7 spaces.

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a patent in APA style 7th edition:

Inventor name, Initials. (Year). Title of the patent (Country/Region Patent No. Number). Issuing Body. URL

- TECHNICAL STANDARDS Elements to cite:

• Year (in round brackets).
• Standard title (in italics).
• Standard number (in round brackets).
• Publisher name.
• Homepage URL of the publisher (as a direct URL is not available for standards).
• The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every subsequent line is indented 5-7 spaces. 

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a technical standard in APA style 7th edition:

Name of a standards organization. (Year). Title of standard - italicized (Standard number). Publisher (print) or Web address - if available

- TECHNICAL AND RESEARCH REPORT Elements to cite:

• Author: List the last name, followed by the first initial (and second initial). See the Authors for more information.
• Date: List the date between parentheses, followed by a period
• Title of report: In italics. Capitalize the first word of the title, subtitle, and proper nouns.
• Publication number: Omit if unavailable for the source that you're citing
• Publisher: List the report's publisher. If the publisher is the same as the author, do not list the name a second time.
• DOI or URL: List DOI or URL if available

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a technical and research report  in APA style 7th edition:

Author last name, first initial. (Date). Title of report (Publication No.). Publisher. DOI or URL

- WEB RESOURCES BASICS ELEMENTS to cite:

There are varying rules for citing information found on the web. Often websites don’t list authors or dates, and the reference must be adapted accordingly.  Some basic rules of thumb to follow for each of these elements on a website:

• Author - websites frequently do not cite an individual person as an author; when it seems appropriate, use the organization as the author instead. If there is an individual author, then the name of the organization goes after the title of the web page and is not italicized.
• Publication Date - when available, use the most specific date you can find, including year, month, and day if possible. Do not use the website’s copyright date as the publication date. If you cannot find an alternative to the site’s copyright date, use (n.d.) in place of a date.
• Title - use the title of the specific page from which you gathered the information; if it is not obvious on the page itself, you can sometimes find it in the title bar at the very top of your browser. Italicize the document title.
• Site Name - If the page has named authors, insert the site name (usually the name of the organization responsible for publishing the page) after the title of the page. It should be in plain text with all major words capitalized. If the page does not have named authors, and you used the organization name as the author, leave this out. If you are generally referring to an entire website, meaning that you did not extract specific information from it, you can skip the formal citation and simply mention the website in the text of your paper. 
• URL - Include the full URL (pointing to the specific site you consulted)

Here is the basic format for a reference list entry of a web resources basics elements in APA style 7th edition:

Author, A. A., & Second, B. B. (Year, Month Day). Web page title. Site Name. URL