Relaciones entre estratigrafía, deformación e historia térmica en cuencas sedimentarias. Impacto de los conceptos geodinámicos en la exploración petrolífera.
Resumen
Los procesos naturales que generan acumulaciones de petróleo en una cuenca sedimentaria requieren varios ingredientes: (1) los elementos de sistema de petrolífero: roca fuente, roca almacenadora, roca sello y rocas de sobrecarga, los cuales son el resultado de procesos de sedimentación en una cuenca que subside; (2) las trampas de petróleo, la cuales en muchos casos son el resultado de deformación y (3) el calor para convertir la materia orgánica apropiada en petróleo. Aunque estos diferentes fenómenos son considerados independientes a la escala de un campo de petróleo, a la escala de la litosfera (1) los fenómenos termales, (2) los movimientos verticales de la superficie terrestre responsables de la sedimentación y la erosión; y (3) la deformación tectónica no son fenómenos independientes. Ellos están íntimamente relacionado por leyes físicas cuantitativas. Estas interrelaciones mutuas son útiles en la exploración de petróleo para predecir un factor a partir del conocimiento de los otros. La aplicación de estos conceptos puede contribuir a entender la historia tectónica de áreas complejas, tales como las cuencas sedimentarias colombianas, y así reducir el riesgo exploratorio.
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