Caracterización y predicción de la arquitectura de yacimientos y propiedades petrofísicas en areniscas de canales fluviales, cuenca media del Magdalena, Colombia
Resumen
Este estudio muestra que las propiedades petrofísicas y la arquitectura de los yacimientos en canales fluviales y depósitos de crevasse dependen de las condiciones de acomodación y suministro de sedimentos A/S durante la sedimentación. Estos resultados se basan en la integración del análisis sedimentológico de aproximadamente 1 .600 m de núcleos de perforación de dos campos petroleros y unos 600 m de afloramientos en el Valle Medio del Magdalena con medidas de porosidad y permeabilidad de núcleos y afloramientos. La arquitectura y sucesiones de facies en areniscas fluviales se presentan en patrones repetitivos asociados a cambios de A/S. En condiciones de A/S bajas, las arenas de canal tienden a ser amalgamadas, formando cinturones de canal hasta de 5 m de espesor y asociados a delgadas unidades lodosas de llanura de inundación. Bajo condiciones de A/S mayores, el amalgamamiento se reduce y se preservan superficies de acrecían lateral y mayores espesores de depósitos de llanura de inundación. Las arenas de canal de máxima A/S, son más lodosos, poseen claras superficies de acrecían lateral y ocurren como cuerpos aislados enbebídos en lodos de llanura de inundación. La correlación detallada de pozos cercanos, datos de producción y presiones indican que la extensión lateral de los cuerpos de arena es proporcional al grado de canibalismo. Canales amalgamados son más continuos que canales individuales. Las propiedades petrofísicas están íntimamente ligadas al grado de preservación de las fades y cuerpos originales. Como la preservación relativa depende de A/S, esta relación controla los valores de porosidad y permeabilidad incluso en fades idénticas. En arenas fluviales, los valores de porosidad y permeabilidad son mayores en bajas condiciones de A/S, donde el mayor canibalismo entre las arenas elimina los componentes finos y mejora la selección. A mayores condiciones de A/S, la mayor preservación de los componentes originales resulta en una mayor proporción de finos y peor selección.
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