Development of a methodology to determine the aromatic structural distribution in light and medium petroleum fractions by HPLC
Abstract
This paper features the development of a new methodology for the quantification of aromatic species in light and medium fractions derived from petroleum by means of High Performance Liquid Chromatography Associated to a Diode Array Detector (HPLC-UV-DAD). The proposed method is based on the selectivity that the chromatographic system presents when used to separate and detect the aromatic compounds with different number of rings that allow the quantification of defined species such as mono, di and tri-aromatics respectively. A mathematical algorithm was generated to obtain from the ultraviolet spectra of each one of the identified hydrocarbons families the concentration for each specie equivalent to the one generated by high resolution mass spectrometry hydrocarbon type analysis. The method applicability was verified in light samples (diesel) with average relative errors of 1,18%, 3,30% and 15,21% in hydrocarbon determination of mono, di and tri-aromatics respectively. The methodology was preliminary evaluated with light and medium gas oils but unavailability of mass spectrometry data did not allow to test predictive accuracy. This instrumental technique is presented as an alternative for the characterization of light and medium petroleum fractions by HPLC-UV-DAD when traditional methods of analysis are not available.
References
ASTM D 2007. (1998). Standard test method for characteristic groups in rubber extender and processing oils and other petroleum-derived oils by the clay-gel absorption chromatographic method.
ASTM D 4124. (1997). Standard test methods for separation of asphalt into four fractions.
ASTM D 6379. (2004). Standard test method for determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in aviation fuels and petroleum distillates - High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection.
ASTM D 6591. (2000). Standard test method for determination of aromatic hydrocarbon types in middle distillates - High performance liquid chromatography method with refractive index detection.
Boduszynski, M. M., Hurtubise, R. J., & Allen, T. W. (1983). Liquid chromatography / field ionization mass spectrometry in the analysis of high-boiling and non distillable coal liquids for hydrocarbons. Anal. Chem., 55 (2), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00253a014
Bouquet, M., & Brument, J. (1990). Characterization of heavy hydrocarbon cuts by mass spectrometry routine and quantative measurements. Fuel Sc. Techn., Int., 8 (9), 961-986. https://doi.org/10.1080/08843759008915968
Chaffin, J. M., Lin, M., Liu, W., Davison, R. R., Glover, C. J., & Bullin, J. A. (1996). The use of HPLC to determine the saturate content of heavy petroleum products. J. Liq. Chrom. & Rel. Technol., 19 (10), 1669-1682. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826079608005500
Fisher I. P, & Fisher P. (1974). Analysis of High boiling petroleum streams by High resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta, 21: 867-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/0039-9140(74)80224-9
Fourneron, J. (2001). A chromatospectroscopic method for analyzing the signals generated during high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 39: 160-164. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/39.4.160
Gallegos, E. J., Green, J. W., Lindeman, L. P., LeTourneau, R. L., & Teeter, R. M. (1967). Petroleum group-type analysis by high resolution mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 39 (14), 1833-1838. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50157a055
Pasadakis, N., & Varotsis, N. (2000). A novel approach for the quantification of the hydrocarbons groups in heavy petroleum fractions by HPLC-RI analysis. Energy & Fuels, 14 (6), 1184-1187. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef000072b
Pasadakis, N., & Varotsis, N. (2000). Optimization of the HPLC separation of aromatic groups in petroleum fractions. Fuel, 79 (12), 1455-1459. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00288-4
Pasadakis, N., Gaganis, V., & Varotsis, N. (2001). Accurate determination of aromatic groups in heavy petroleum fractions using HPLC-UV-DAD. Fuel, 80: 147-153. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00082-X
Qiang, D., & Lu, W. (1999). Hydrocarbon group-type analysis of high boiling petroleum distillates by HPLC. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng., 22 (1), 31-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0920-4105(98)00054-0
Rashid, H. A., Fakhri, N. A., Dekran, S. B., & Abdulla, N. I. (1989). Chromatographic separation and characterization of mono-, di- and triaromatic hydrocarbons in gas oil. Fuel Sci. and Technol., 7 (3), 281-291. https://doi.org/10.1080/08843758908962244
Robbins, W. K. (1998). Quantitative measurement of mass and aromaticity distributions for heavy distillates 1. Capabilities of the HPLC-2 system. J. Chromatogr. Sci., 36: 457-466. https://doi.org/10.1093/chromsci/36.9.457
Ronningsen, H. P., & Skjevrak. (1990). Characterization of North Sea petroleum fractions: aromatic ring class distribution. Energy and Fuels, 4 (5), 608-626. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef00023a035
Roussis, S. G., & Fitzgerald W. (2001). Hydrocarbon compound type analysis by mass spectrometry: On the replacement of the all-glass heated inlet system with a gas chromatograph. Energy & Fuels, 15 (2), 249-316. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef000225v
Sarowha, S. L. S., Sharma, B. K. Sharma, C. D., & Bhagat, S. D. (1996). Compositional studies on gas oil fractions using high-performance liquid chromatography. Fuel, 75 (11),1323-1326. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(96)00096-8
Sarowha, S. L. S., Sharma, B. K. Sharma, C. D., & Bhagat, S. D. (1997). Characterization of petroleum heavy distillates using HPLC and spectroscopic methods. Energy & Fuels, 11 (3), 566-569. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef960058s
Sink, C. W., & Hardy, D. R. (1994). Quantification of compound classes in complex mixtures and fuels using HPLC with differential refractive index detection. Anal. Chem., 66 (8), 1334-1338. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00080a020
Varotsis, N., Pasadakis. N., & Gaganis, V. (1998). A novel approach for the characterization of aromatics in petroleum fractions using HPLC-UV-DAD and evolving factor analysis. Fuel, 77 (13), 1495-1502. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(98)00050-7
Downloads
Copyright (c) 2006 Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
