El impacto de los combustibles mixtos que contienen aceite de pirólisis, diésel, n-butanol y 2-EHN en las emisiones y el rendimiento del motor diésel
Resumen
Los impactos ambientales de los combustibles fósiles y su disponibilidad limitada aumentan la necesidad de investigar fuentes de energía alternativas. En esta investigación, se obtuvo aceite de pirólisis (PO) a partir de residuos de huesos de cereza ácida. El PO no puede utilizarse directamente como combustible en motores diésel debido a sus propiedades negativas, como baja densidad de energía, alta viscosidad, alto contenido de agua y bajo número de cetano. Por lo tanto, el PO se mezcló con diésel en varias proporciones de peso (wt%) utilizando n-butanol (NB) como co-solvente y nitrato de 2-etilhexilo (2-EHN) como mejorador del cetano. Los combustibles mezclados que contienen 40 wt% de diésel, es decir, D2 (Diésel 40% / PO 0% / NB 55% / 2-EHN 5%), D3 (Diésel 40% / PO 5% / NB 50% / 2-EHN 5%) y D4 (Diésel 40% / PO 15% / NB 40% / 2-EHN 5%) fueron identificados como las composiciones óptimas de mezcla con respecto a las características fisicoquímicas del combustible. Estos combustibles se probaron para el rendimiento del motor y las características de emisión a velocidades del motor de 1500, 1800, 2400, 3000 y 3600 rpm bajo carga completa del motor (10 Nm) en un motor diésel de un solo cilindro. Todos los datos (es decir, presión en el cilindro, par motor y cambios en el rendimiento, tasa de liberación de calor y características de emisión) se registraron utilizando un sistema de adquisición de datos Kistler KiBox. Las pruebas del motor mostraron una disminución en las emisiones de NOx, HC y hollín cuando se compararon los combustibles mezclados (D2, D3 y D4) con D1 (Diésel 100% / PO 0% / NB 0% / 2-EHN 0%). Las menores emisiones de NOx en los combustibles mezclados se explican por el contenido de agua del PO. El agua aumenta la capacidad calorífica específica de la mezcla de aire-combustible mientras reduce la temperatura interna del cilindro. Además, el alto calor de evaporación del n-butanol puede contribuir a una reducción en las emisiones de NOx. Además, la disminución de las emisiones de HC puede ser causada por el aumento en la proporción de oxígeno de los combustibles mezclados, mientras que la disminución de las emisiones de hollín puede deberse a la baja proporción C/H y al alto contenido de oxígeno de los combustibles mezclados. En conclusión, las mezclas de PO, diésel, n-butanol y 2-EHN pueden ser utilizadas como biocombustibles en aplicaciones de motores diésel.
Referencias bibliográficas
Alcala, A., & Bridgwater, A. V. (2013). Upgrading fast pyrolysis liquids: Blends of biodiesel and pyrolysis oil. Fuel, 109, 417–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.02.058
Barth, T., & Kleinert, M. (2008). Motor fuels from biomass pyrolysis. Chemical Engineering & Technology: Industrial Chemistry‐Plant Equipment‐Process Engineering‐Biotechnology, 31(5),773-781. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ceat.200800122
Bridgwater, A. V. (2003). Renewable fuels and chemicals by thermal processing of biomass. Chemical engineering journal, 91(2-3), 87-102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(02)00142-0.
Bridgwater, A. (2013). Fast pyrolysis of biomass for the production of liquids. In Biomass combustion science, technology and engineering (pp. 130-171). Woodhead Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1533/9780857097439.2.130
Bridgwater, A. V., Meier, D., & Radlein, D. (1999). An overview of fast pyrolysis of biomass. Organic geochemistry, 30(12), 1479-1493. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0146-6380(99)00120-5
Bridgwater, A. V. (2012). Upgrading biomass fast pyrolysis liquids. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 31(2), 261-268. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.11635
Chiaramonti, D., Bonini, M., Fratini, E., Tondi, G., Gartner, K., Bridgwater, A. V., ... & Baglioni, P. (2003). Development of emulsions from biomass pyrolysis liquid and diesel and their use in engines—Part 1: emulsion production. Biomass and bioenergy, 25(1), 85-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00183-6
Chong, K. J., & Bridgwater, A. V. (2017). Fast pyrolysis oil fuel blend for marine vessels. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 36(3), 677-684. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.12402.
De Caro, P. S., Mouloungui, Z., Vaitilingom, G., & Berge, J. C. (2001). Interest of combining an additive with diesel–ethanol blends for use in diesel engines. Fuel, 80(4), 565-574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(00)00117-4
Doğan, O., Çelik, M. B., & Özdalyan, B. (2012). The effect of tire derived fuel/diesel fuel blends utilization on diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel, 95, 340-346. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.12.033
Emiroğlu, A. O., Keskin, A., & Şen, M. (2018). Experimental investigation of the effects of turkey rendering fat biodiesel on combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of a diesel engine. Fuel, 216, 266-273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2017.12.026
Gollakota, A. R. K., Kishore, N., & Gu, S. (2018). A review on hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 81, 1378-1392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2017.05.178.
Han, J., & Somers, L. M. T. (2021). Comparative investigation of ignition behavior of butanol isomers using constant volume combustion chamber under diesel-engine like conditions. Fuel, 304, 121347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121347
Han, J., Somers, L. M. T., & van de Beld, B. (2023). Combustion and emission characteristics of hydrotreated pyrolysis oil on a heavy-duty engine. Fuel, 351, 128888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128888
Han, J., Wang, Y., Somers, L. M. T., & van de Beld, B. (2022). Ignition and combustion characteristics of hydrotreated pyrolysis oil in a combustion research unit. Fuel, 316, 123419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123419
Hellier, P., Ladommatos, N., & Yusaf, T. (2015). The influence of straight vegetable oil fatty acid composition on compression ignition combustion and emissions. Fuel, 143, 131-143. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.11.021.
Himmel, M. E., Ding, S. Y., Johnson, D. K., Adney, W. S., Nimlos, M. R., Brady, J. W., & Foust, T. D. (2007). Biomass recalcitrance: engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production. science, 315(5813), 804-807.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1137016.
Honnery, D., Ghojel, J., & Stamatov, V. (2008). Performance of a DI diesel engine fuelled by blends of diesel and kiln-produced pyroligneous tar. Biomass and Bioenergy, 32(4), 358-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2007.10.004
Hossain, A. K., Serrano, C., Brammer, J. B., Omran, A., Ahmed, F., Smith, D. I., & Davies, P. A. (2016). Combustion of fuel blends containing digestate pyrolysis oil in a multi-cylinder compression ignition engine. Fuel, 171, 18-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.12.012
Huang, Y., Han, X., Shang, S., & Wang, L. (2012). Performance and emissions of a direct-injection diesel engine operating on emulsions of corn stalk bio-oil in diesel. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 226(8), 1119-1129. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407012438295
Ikura, M., Stanciulescu, M., & Hogan, E. (2003). Emulsification of pyrolysis derived bio-oil in diesel fuel. Biomass and bioenergy, 24(3), 221-232. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0961-9534(02)00131-9
Jaafar, M. N. M., & Safiullah, S. (2018). Combustion characteristics of rice bran oil biodiesel in an oil burner. Jurnal Teknologi, 80(3). https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v80.11612
Jiang, X., & Ellis, N. (2010). Upgrading bio-oil through emulsification with biodiesel: mixture production. Energy & Fuels, 24(2), 1358-1364. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9010669
Kaewbuddee, C., Wathakit, K., & Srisertpol, J. (2018, April). The effect of n-butanol to waste plastic oil fuel blends utilization on engine emissions of a single cylinder diesel engine. In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Applied System Invention (ICASI) (pp. 1224-1227). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASI.2018.8394510
Karagöz, M. (2020). Investigation of performance and emission characteristics of an CI engine fuelled with diesel–waste tire oil–butanol blends. Fuel, 282, 118872. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.118872
Keskin, A. (2017). Experimental investigation of the effect of cottonseed oil biodiesel eurodiesel mixtures on combustion, performance and emissions at full load. Afyon Kocatepe University Journal of Science and Engineering, 17, 797-809. https://doi.org/10.5578/fmbd.57621
Kim, T. Y., & Lee, S. H. (2015). Combustion and emission characteristics of wood pyrolysis oil-butanol blended fuels in a DI diesel engine. International Journal of Automotive Technology, 16, 903-912. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12239-015-0092-4
Kim, T. Y., Lee, S., & Kang, K. (2015). Performance and emission characteristics of a high-compression-ratio diesel engine fueled with wood pyrolysis oil-butanol blended fuels. Energy, 93, 2241-2250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.10.119
Lapuerta, M., Rodríguez-Fernández, J., & De Mora, E. F. (2009). Correlation for the estimation of the cetane number of biodiesel fuels and implications on the iodine number. Energy Policy, 37(11), 4337-4344. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.05.049.
Lee, S., Kim, T. Y., & Kang, K. Y. (2015). A feasibility study of using pyrolysis oil/butanol blended fuel in a DI diesel engine (No. 2015-24-2437). SAE Technical Paper. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-24-2437
Lee, S., Choi, Y., & Kang, K. (2019). Application of blended fuel containing coffee ground pyrolysis oil in a diesel generator. Fuel, 256, 115998. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115998
Lee, S., Kim, T., & Kang, K. (2014). Performance and emission characteristics of a diesel engine operated with wood pyrolysis oil. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 228(2), 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954407013502951
Lee, S., & Kim, T. Y. (2015). Feasibility study of using wood pyrolysis oil–ethanol blended fuel with diesel pilot injection in a diesel engine. Fuel, 162, 65-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2015.08.049
Lee, S., Woo, S. H., Kim, Y., Choi, Y., & Kang, K. (2020). Combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel-powered generator running with N-butanol/coffee ground pyrolysis oil/diesel blended fuel. Energy, 206, 118201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2020.118201
Lin, B. J., Chen, W. H., Budzianowski, W. M., Hsieh, C. T., & Lin, P. H. (2016). Emulsification analysis of bio-oil and diesel under various combinations of emulsifiers. Applied energy, 178, 746-757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.06.104
Lu, Q., Zhang, Z. B., Liao, H. T., Yang, X. C., & Dong, C. Q. (2012). Lubrication properties of bio-oil and its emulsions with diesel oil. Energies, 5(3), 741-751. https://doi.org/10.3390/en5030741
Ma, F., & Hanna, M. A. (1999). Biodiesel production: a review. Bioresource technology, 70(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0960-8524(99)00025-5
Martínez, J. D., Ramos, Á., Armas, O., Murillo, R., & García, T. (2014). Potential for using a tire pyrolysis liquid-diesel fuel blend in a light duty engine under transient operation. Applied Energy, 130, 437-446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.05.056
Murugan, S., Ramaswamy, M. C., & Nagarajan, G. (2009). Assessment of pyrolysis oil as an energy source for diesel engines. Fuel processing technology, 90(1), 67-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2008.07.017
Garzón, N. A. N., Oliveira, A. A., & Bazzo, E. (2019). An ignition delay correlation for compression ignition engines fueled with straight soybean oil and diesel oil blends. Fuel, 257, 116050. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.116050.
Prakash, R., Singh, R. K., & Murugan, S. (2013). Use of biodiesel and bio-oil emulsions as an alternative fuel for direct injection diesel engine. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 4, 475-484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-012-9182-y
Prasad, K. M., & Murugavelh, S. (2020). Experimental investigation and kinetics of tomato peel pyrolysis: Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of bio-oil blends in diesel engine. Journal of Cleaner Production, 254, 120115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120115
Reverchon, E. (1997). Supercritical fluid extraction and fractionation of essential oils and related products. The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 10(1), 1-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-8446(97)00014-4
Sakthivel, R., Ramesh, K., Marshal, S. J. J., & Sadasivuni, K. K. (2019). Prediction of performance and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with waste biomass pyrolysis oil using response surface methodology. Renewable energy, 136, 91-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.12.109.
Swarna, S., Swamy, M. T., Divakara, T. R., Krishnamurthy, K. N., & Shashidhar, S. (2022). Experimental assessment of ternary fuel blends of diesel, hybrid biodiesel and alcohol in naturally aspirated CI engine. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 19(9), 8523-8554. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-021-03586-7
Volli, V., Singh, R. K., & Murugan, S. (2014). The use of mustard cake pyrolytic oil blends as fuel in a diesel engine. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 5, 661-668. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-013-9270-7
Yalçın, A. H., & Mutlu, İ. (2022). Atık Vişne Çekirdeği Pirolitik Yağın Dizel Motorlarda Alternatif Yakıt Olarak Kullanılabilirliği. Afyon Kocatepe Üniversitesi Fen Ve Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 22(4), 963-971. https://doi.org/10.35414/akufemubid.1077035
Yao, M., Wang, H., Zheng, Z., & Yue, Y. (2010). Experimental study of n-butanol additive and multi-injection on HD diesel engine performance and emissions. Fuel, 89(9), 2191-2201. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.04.008
Zhang, Q., Chang, J., Wang, T., & Xu, Y. (2007). Review of biomass pyrolysis oil properties and upgrading research. Energy conversion and management, 48(1), 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2006.05.010
Descargas
Derechos de autor 2024 CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
| Estadísticas de artículo | |
|---|---|
| Vistas de resúmenes | |
| Vistas de PDF | |
| Descargas de PDF | |
| Vistas de HTML | |
| Otras vistas | |
