Methodology proposal for correlation studies of fluvial sediments based on petrographic and lithogeochemical analysis: Example of its application on Cenozoic rock from the Lisama formation (Middle Magdalena valley, Colombia)
Keywords:
Lisama Formation, Petrology, Lithogeochemistry, Stratigraphic correlations, Middle Magdalena valley basin, Colombia (South America).
Abstract
The petrographic and lithogeochemical analyses of fluvial sediments from the Lisama Formation suggest potential for the association of compositional and chemical changes of rocks with the identification
and correlation of Cenozoic stratigraphic units in the Middle Magdalena valley basin. The integration of different compositional techniques enable the subdivision of the Lisama Formation into three petrographic zones. The zoning proposed herein match the palynological biozoning defined in the same stratigraphic sections, demonstrating their potential as a complementary correlation tool to biostratigraphy. This methodology of integrating petrographic and lithogeochemical analyses can be used in subsequent studies in the Middle Magdalena Basin, mainly in geographic areas where the palynomorph recovery is low or null. This work integrates Thin Section Analyses, Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) in two correlatable outcrops in the Western and Eastern flanks of the Nuevo Mundo Syncline (NMS).
References
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ASTM D 4698. Sample Preparation, Total Digestion of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis of Various Metals, Annual Book of Standards, ASTM International.
Barrero, D., Pardo, A., Vargas, C. A. & Martínez, J. F. (2007). Colombian Sedimentary Basins: nomenclature, Boundaries and Petroleum Geology, a New Proposal. Bogotá: Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos.
Caballero, V. (2010). Evolución tectono-sedimentaria del sinclinal de Nuevo Mundo, cuenca sedimentaria Valle Medio del Magdalena Colombia, durante el Oligoceno - Mioceno. Tesis de maestría, Escuela de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, 157pp.
Caballero, V., Parra, M. & Mora A. (2010). Levantamiento de la cordillera oriental de Colombia durante el Eoceno Tardío - Oligoceno temprano: Proveniencia sedimentaria en el sinclinal de nuevo mundo, cuenca valle Medio del Magdalena. Boletín Geológico, 32(1), 45-77.
Caballero, V., Parra, M., Mora, A., López, C., Rojas, L. E. & Quintero, I. (2013). Factors controlling selective abandonment and reactivation in thick skin orogens: a case study in the Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377: 343-367.
Catuneanu, O., Galloway, W., Kendall, C., Miall, A., Posamentier, H., Strasser, A. & Tucker, M. (2011). Sequence Stratigraphy: Methodology and Nomenclature. Newsl. Stratigr., 44(3), 173-245.
Cooper, M. A., Addison, F. T., Álvarez, R., Coral, M., Graham, R. H., Hayward, A. B., Howe, S., Martínez, J., Naar, J., Peñas, R., Pullham, A. J. & Taborda, A. (1995).
Basin development and tectonic history of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera and Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. AAPG Bulletin, 79(10), 1421-1443.
Cross, T. A. (2000). Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in continental strata. ESF, 7(4), 320-350.
Dickinson, W. R., Beard, L. S., Brakenridge, G. R., Erjavec, J. L., Ferguson, R. C., Inman, K. F., Knepp, R. A., Lindberg, F. A. & Ryberg, P. T. (1983). Provenance of North
American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 94(2), 222-235.
Dickinson, W. R. (1985). Interpreting provenance relations from detrital modes of sandstones. In: Zuffa G. G. (ed.), Provenance of Arenites, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 148: 333-361.
Fabre, A. (1983). La subsidencia de la Cuenca del Cocuy (Cordillera Oriental de Colombia) durante el Cretáceo y el Terciario inferior. Segunda parte: Esquema de evolución tectónica. Geología Norandina, 8: 21-27.
Folk, R. (1974). Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Austin: Hemphill Publishing Co. Gómez, E., Jordan, T. E., Allmendinger, R. W., Hegarty, K. &
Kelley, S. (2005). Syntectonic Cenozoic sedimentation in the Northern Middle Magdalena Valley Basin of Colombia and implications for exhumation of the Northern Andes. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 117(5/6), 547-569.
Hussain, M. (2007). Elemental chemistry as a tool of stratigraphic correlation: A case study involving lower Paleozoic Wajid, Saq, and Qasim Formations in Saudi Arabia. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 24(2), 91-108.
Kasper-Zubillaga, J. J. & Dickinson, W. (2001). Discriminating depositional environments of sands from modern source terrains using modal analysis. Sedimentary Geology, 143: 149-167.
Ketzer, J. & Morad, S. (2006). Predictive distribution of shallow marine, low-porosity (pseudomatrix-rich) sandstones in a sequence stratigraphic framework -example from the Ferron sandstone, Upper Cretaceous, USA. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 23(1), 29-36.
Ketzer, J. M., Holz, M., Morad, S. & Al-Aasm, I. S. (2003). Sequence stratigraphic distribution of diagenetic alterations in coal-bearing, parallic sandstones: evidence from the Rio Bonito Formation (early Permian), southern Brazil. Sedimentology, 50(5), 855-877.
Ketzer, J., Morad, S. & Amorosi, A. (2003). Predictive diagenetic clay-mineral distribution in siliciclastic rocks within a sequence stratigraphic framework. In: Worden, R. H. & Morad, S. (Eds): Clay Mineral Cements in Sandstones. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 34, Oxford: Blackwell Publication, 43-61.
Khidir, A. & Catuneanu, O. (2009). Predictive diagenetic clay-mineral distribution in siliciclastic rocks as a tool for identifying sequence boundaries in non/marine successions: the Coalspur Formation, west-central Alberta. Geologos, 15(3-4), 169-180.
Kordi, M., Turner, B. & Salem, A. (2011). Linking diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy in fluvial and shallow marine sandstones: Evidence from the Cambriane Ordovician lower sandstone unit in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 28: 1554-1571.
Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M. R., Kammer, A., Dimaté, C. & Rodríguez, F. (2006). Cenozoic contractional reactivation of Mesozoic extensional structures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Tectonics, 25(2), 1-19.
Morad, S., Al-Ramadan, K., Ketzer, J. M. & De Ros, L. F. (2010). The impact of diagenesis on the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs: A review of the role of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy. AAPG Bulletin, 94(8), 1267-1309.
Morad, S., Ketzer, J. M. & De Ros, L. F. (2012). Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy. International Association of Sedimentologist, IAS. Special Publication 45, Malaysia: Wiley-Blackwell.
Pearce, T., Martin, J., Cooper, D. & Wray, D. (2010a). Chemostratigraphy of upper carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) sequences from the Southern North sea (United Kingdom). In: Ratcliffe, K. & Zaitlin, B. Application of modern stratigraphic techniques: Theory and case histories. Tulsa: SEPM Special Publication, 94: 109-127.
Pearce, T., Mclean, D., Martin, J., Ractliffe, K. & Wray, D. (2010b). A whole-rock geochemical approach to the recognition and correlation of “Marine Bands”. In: Ratcliffe, K. & Zaitlin, B. Application of modern stratigraphic techniques: Theory and case histories. Tulsa: SEPM Special Publication 94, 221-238.
Racey, A., Love, M. A., Bobolecki, R. M. & Walsh, J. N. (1995). The use of chemical element analyses in the study of biostratigraphically barren sequences: an example from the Triassic of the Central North sea (UKCS). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89: 69-105.
Ratcliffe, K. T., Wright, A. M., Montgomery, P., Palfrey, A., Vonk, A., Vermeulen, J. & Barrett, M. (2010). Application of chemostratigraphy to the Mungaroo Formation, the Gorgon Field, offshore Northwest Australia. APPEA J., 50th Anniversary Issue: 371-388.
Rodríguez, G. (2009). Información bioestratigráfica del Cenozoico de la Cuenca Valle Medio del Magdalena. Informe Técnico, Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano
del Petróleo (ICP).
Roser, B. P. & Korsch, R. J. (1986). Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone-mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio. Journal Geology, 94(5), 635-650.
Ruiz, C., Gómez, P. & Ruiz, A. (2008). Levantamiento estratigráfico de la Formación Lisama, en el área del Sinclinal del Nuevo Mundo, Cuenca del Valle Medio del
Magdalena. Informe Técnico, Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP).
Sarmiento, L. F. (2001). Mesozoic Rifting and Cenozoic Basin inversion history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes. Inference from tectonic models. Disertación Doctoral, Universidad de Amsterdam, Amsterdam 295pp.
Silva, A., Mora, A., Caballero, V., Rodríguez, G., Ruiz, C., Moreno, N., Parra, M., Ramírez, J., Ibañez, M. & Quintero, I. (2013). Basin compartmentalization and drainage
evolution during rift inversion; evidence from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377.
Ver Straeten, C., Brett, C. & Sageman, B. (2011). Mudrock sequence stratigraphy: A multi-proxy (sedimentological, paleobiological and geochemical) approach, Appalachian Basin. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol., 304(1-2), 54-73.
Villamil, T. (1999). Campanian-Miocene tectonostratigraphy, depocenter evolution and basin development of Colombia and Western Venezuela. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol., 153(1-4), 239-275.
Weltje, G. (2002). Quantitative analysis of detrital modes: Statistically rigorous confidence regions in ternary diagrams and their use in sedimentary petrology. Earth Sci. Rev. 57: 211-253.
Wright, A. M., Ratcliffe, K. T., Zaitlin, B. A. & Wray, D. S. (2010). The application of chemostratigraphic techniques to distinguish compound incised valleys in low accommodation incised valley systems in a foreland basin setting: an example from the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group and Basal Colorado Sandstone (Colorado Group), Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. In: Ratcliffe, K. & Zaitlin, B.. Application of modern stratigraphic techniques: Theory and case histories. Tulsa: SEPM Special Publication, 94: 93-108.
Zuffa, G. G, Cibin, U. & Di Giulio, A. (1995). Arenite petrography in sequence stratigraphy. J. Geology, 103: 451-459.
ASTM D 4698. Sample Preparation, Total Digestion of Sediment Samples for Chemical Analysis of Various Metals, Annual Book of Standards, ASTM International.
Barrero, D., Pardo, A., Vargas, C. A. & Martínez, J. F. (2007). Colombian Sedimentary Basins: nomenclature, Boundaries and Petroleum Geology, a New Proposal. Bogotá: Agencia Nacional de Hidrocarburos.
Caballero, V. (2010). Evolución tectono-sedimentaria del sinclinal de Nuevo Mundo, cuenca sedimentaria Valle Medio del Magdalena Colombia, durante el Oligoceno - Mioceno. Tesis de maestría, Escuela de Geología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia, 157pp.
Caballero, V., Parra, M. & Mora A. (2010). Levantamiento de la cordillera oriental de Colombia durante el Eoceno Tardío - Oligoceno temprano: Proveniencia sedimentaria en el sinclinal de nuevo mundo, cuenca valle Medio del Magdalena. Boletín Geológico, 32(1), 45-77.
Caballero, V., Parra, M., Mora, A., López, C., Rojas, L. E. & Quintero, I. (2013). Factors controlling selective abandonment and reactivation in thick skin orogens: a case study in the Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377: 343-367.
Catuneanu, O., Galloway, W., Kendall, C., Miall, A., Posamentier, H., Strasser, A. & Tucker, M. (2011). Sequence Stratigraphy: Methodology and Nomenclature. Newsl. Stratigr., 44(3), 173-245.
Cooper, M. A., Addison, F. T., Álvarez, R., Coral, M., Graham, R. H., Hayward, A. B., Howe, S., Martínez, J., Naar, J., Peñas, R., Pullham, A. J. & Taborda, A. (1995).
Basin development and tectonic history of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera and Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. AAPG Bulletin, 79(10), 1421-1443.
Cross, T. A. (2000). Stratigraphic controls on reservoir attributes in continental strata. ESF, 7(4), 320-350.
Dickinson, W. R., Beard, L. S., Brakenridge, G. R., Erjavec, J. L., Ferguson, R. C., Inman, K. F., Knepp, R. A., Lindberg, F. A. & Ryberg, P. T. (1983). Provenance of North
American Phanerozoic sandstones in relation to tectonic setting. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 94(2), 222-235.
Dickinson, W. R. (1985). Interpreting provenance relations from detrital modes of sandstones. In: Zuffa G. G. (ed.), Provenance of Arenites, Netherlands: Springer Netherlands, 148: 333-361.
Fabre, A. (1983). La subsidencia de la Cuenca del Cocuy (Cordillera Oriental de Colombia) durante el Cretáceo y el Terciario inferior. Segunda parte: Esquema de evolución tectónica. Geología Norandina, 8: 21-27.
Folk, R. (1974). Petrology of sedimentary rocks. Austin: Hemphill Publishing Co. Gómez, E., Jordan, T. E., Allmendinger, R. W., Hegarty, K. &
Kelley, S. (2005). Syntectonic Cenozoic sedimentation in the Northern Middle Magdalena Valley Basin of Colombia and implications for exhumation of the Northern Andes. Geol. Soc. Amer. Bull., 117(5/6), 547-569.
Hussain, M. (2007). Elemental chemistry as a tool of stratigraphic correlation: A case study involving lower Paleozoic Wajid, Saq, and Qasim Formations in Saudi Arabia. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 24(2), 91-108.
Kasper-Zubillaga, J. J. & Dickinson, W. (2001). Discriminating depositional environments of sands from modern source terrains using modal analysis. Sedimentary Geology, 143: 149-167.
Ketzer, J. & Morad, S. (2006). Predictive distribution of shallow marine, low-porosity (pseudomatrix-rich) sandstones in a sequence stratigraphic framework -example from the Ferron sandstone, Upper Cretaceous, USA. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 23(1), 29-36.
Ketzer, J. M., Holz, M., Morad, S. & Al-Aasm, I. S. (2003). Sequence stratigraphic distribution of diagenetic alterations in coal-bearing, parallic sandstones: evidence from the Rio Bonito Formation (early Permian), southern Brazil. Sedimentology, 50(5), 855-877.
Ketzer, J., Morad, S. & Amorosi, A. (2003). Predictive diagenetic clay-mineral distribution in siliciclastic rocks within a sequence stratigraphic framework. In: Worden, R. H. & Morad, S. (Eds): Clay Mineral Cements in Sandstones. International Association of Sedimentologists Special Publication 34, Oxford: Blackwell Publication, 43-61.
Khidir, A. & Catuneanu, O. (2009). Predictive diagenetic clay-mineral distribution in siliciclastic rocks as a tool for identifying sequence boundaries in non/marine successions: the Coalspur Formation, west-central Alberta. Geologos, 15(3-4), 169-180.
Kordi, M., Turner, B. & Salem, A. (2011). Linking diagenesis to sequence stratigraphy in fluvial and shallow marine sandstones: Evidence from the Cambriane Ordovician lower sandstone unit in Southwestern Sinai, Egypt. Mar. Petrol. Geol., 28: 1554-1571.
Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M. R., Kammer, A., Dimaté, C. & Rodríguez, F. (2006). Cenozoic contractional reactivation of Mesozoic extensional structures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Tectonics, 25(2), 1-19.
Morad, S., Al-Ramadan, K., Ketzer, J. M. & De Ros, L. F. (2010). The impact of diagenesis on the heterogeneity of sandstone reservoirs: A review of the role of depositional facies and sequence stratigraphy. AAPG Bulletin, 94(8), 1267-1309.
Morad, S., Ketzer, J. M. & De Ros, L. F. (2012). Linking Diagenesis to Sequence Stratigraphy. International Association of Sedimentologist, IAS. Special Publication 45, Malaysia: Wiley-Blackwell.
Pearce, T., Martin, J., Cooper, D. & Wray, D. (2010a). Chemostratigraphy of upper carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) sequences from the Southern North sea (United Kingdom). In: Ratcliffe, K. & Zaitlin, B. Application of modern stratigraphic techniques: Theory and case histories. Tulsa: SEPM Special Publication, 94: 109-127.
Pearce, T., Mclean, D., Martin, J., Ractliffe, K. & Wray, D. (2010b). A whole-rock geochemical approach to the recognition and correlation of “Marine Bands”. In: Ratcliffe, K. & Zaitlin, B. Application of modern stratigraphic techniques: Theory and case histories. Tulsa: SEPM Special Publication 94, 221-238.
Racey, A., Love, M. A., Bobolecki, R. M. & Walsh, J. N. (1995). The use of chemical element analyses in the study of biostratigraphically barren sequences: an example from the Triassic of the Central North sea (UKCS). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 89: 69-105.
Ratcliffe, K. T., Wright, A. M., Montgomery, P., Palfrey, A., Vonk, A., Vermeulen, J. & Barrett, M. (2010). Application of chemostratigraphy to the Mungaroo Formation, the Gorgon Field, offshore Northwest Australia. APPEA J., 50th Anniversary Issue: 371-388.
Rodríguez, G. (2009). Información bioestratigráfica del Cenozoico de la Cuenca Valle Medio del Magdalena. Informe Técnico, Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano
del Petróleo (ICP).
Roser, B. P. & Korsch, R. J. (1986). Determination of tectonic setting of sandstone-mudstone suites using SiO2 content and K2O/Na2O ratio. Journal Geology, 94(5), 635-650.
Ruiz, C., Gómez, P. & Ruiz, A. (2008). Levantamiento estratigráfico de la Formación Lisama, en el área del Sinclinal del Nuevo Mundo, Cuenca del Valle Medio del
Magdalena. Informe Técnico, Ecopetrol S.A. - Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP).
Sarmiento, L. F. (2001). Mesozoic Rifting and Cenozoic Basin inversion history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes. Inference from tectonic models. Disertación Doctoral, Universidad de Amsterdam, Amsterdam 295pp.
Silva, A., Mora, A., Caballero, V., Rodríguez, G., Ruiz, C., Moreno, N., Parra, M., Ramírez, J., Ibañez, M. & Quintero, I. (2013). Basin compartmentalization and drainage
evolution during rift inversion; evidence from the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377.
Ver Straeten, C., Brett, C. & Sageman, B. (2011). Mudrock sequence stratigraphy: A multi-proxy (sedimentological, paleobiological and geochemical) approach, Appalachian Basin. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol., 304(1-2), 54-73.
Villamil, T. (1999). Campanian-Miocene tectonostratigraphy, depocenter evolution and basin development of Colombia and Western Venezuela. Palaeogeogr. Palaeoclimat. Palaeoecol., 153(1-4), 239-275.
Weltje, G. (2002). Quantitative analysis of detrital modes: Statistically rigorous confidence regions in ternary diagrams and their use in sedimentary petrology. Earth Sci. Rev. 57: 211-253.
Wright, A. M., Ratcliffe, K. T., Zaitlin, B. A. & Wray, D. S. (2010). The application of chemostratigraphic techniques to distinguish compound incised valleys in low accommodation incised valley systems in a foreland basin setting: an example from the Lower Cretaceous Mannville Group and Basal Colorado Sandstone (Colorado Group), Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin. In: Ratcliffe, K. & Zaitlin, B.. Application of modern stratigraphic techniques: Theory and case histories. Tulsa: SEPM Special Publication, 94: 93-108.
Zuffa, G. G, Cibin, U. & Di Giulio, A. (1995). Arenite petrography in sequence stratigraphy. J. Geology, 103: 451-459.
How to Cite
Naranjo-Vesga, , J.-F. ., Gómez-Gutiérrez, P.-D. ., Gélvez-Llanez, J.-R., Duque-Pardo, N.-E., & Moreno-Gómez, N.-R. (2013). Methodology proposal for correlation studies of fluvial sediments based on petrographic and lithogeochemical analysis: Example of its application on Cenozoic rock from the Lisama formation (Middle Magdalena valley, Colombia). CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología Y Futuro, 5(3), 19–46. https://doi.org/10.29047/01225383.46
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Published
2013-12-16
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Scientific and Technological Research Articles
